Breathing Systems

1. Which of the following offers the most resistance?

A. Nonrebreathing valve

B. Co2 canister

C. Tracheal tube

D. Y-piece

E. Breathing tubes

2. The functions of the breathing system include the following:

A. Conveying oxygen and anesthetic gases to the patient

B. Delivering positive pressure

C. Removing waste and anesthetic gases from the patient

D. Conveying excess gases to the scavenging system

3. Resistance to breathing through a breathing system is influenced

By

A. Laminar flow

B. Gas flow rate

C. Turbulent flow

D. Length of the breathing tubes

4. Rebreathing may be influenced by

A. Fresh gas flow

B. Arrangement of components in the breathing system

C. Mechanical dead space

D. The size of the reservoir bag

5. Effects of rebreathing include

A. Reduced loss of heat and water from the patient

B. Reduced inspired oxygen

C. Less fluctuation in inspired anesthetic agent concentration

D. Decreased inspired carbon dioxide

6. Factors that cause a discrepancy between the composition of the inspired gas mixture and that of the fresh gas include

A. Rebreathing

B. Leaks in the breathing system

C. Uptake of anesthetic agent by components of the breathing system

D. Increased fresh gas flow

7. Factors that can cause a discrepancy between the volume of gas discharged from a ventilator or reservoir bag and that inspired by the patient include

A. Fresh gas flow

B. Compression of gases in the circuit

C. Leaks

D. Distention of breathing system components

8. The reservoir bag

A. Allows use of lower fresh gas flows

B. Provides a means for delivering positive pressure

C. Can ser ve as a monitor of spontaneous respiration

D. Can cause excessive pressure if the apl valve is not open

9. Concerning the peak pressure than can be generated in the breathing system if there is a reservoir bag in place,

A. If the reser voir bag is less than 1.5 l in size, the pressure shall not be less than 30 cm h2o

B. If the reser voir bag is larger than 1.5 l, the pressure shall not be less than 45 cm h2o

C. If a 1.5-l bag is expanded to four times its normal size, the pressure shall not be greater than 50 cm h2o

D. If a bag over 1.5 l is expanded to four times its size, the pressure shall not be greater than 65 cm h2o

10. Functions of breathing tubes include

A. Acting as a reser voir in certain systems

B. Protection against excessive pressure

C. Providing a flexible connection between the different parts of the breathing system

D. Expanding during spontaneous breathing to prevent rebreathing

11. During spontaneous respiration,

A. The apl valve should be kept partially closed

B. Most apl valves open automatically

C. An obstruction in the scavenging system may result in gas being removed from the breathing system

D. Obstruction of the air intake valve in the scavenging system can result in positive pressure in the breathing system

12. With a PEEP valve in the breathing system,

A. An increased exhalation effort is necessary if the patient is Breathing spontaneously

B. An increase in tidal volume may be seen with mechanical Ventilation

C. The amount of PEEP can be either fixed or adjustable

D. A spring-loaded peep valve must be kept in the upright position

13. Which of the following connectors are male?

A. Those on the breathing tubes

B. Those on the reser voir bag mount

C. Those on the mask

D. Those on the y-piece connecting to the breathing tubes

14. Deposition of bronchodilators in the patient’s tracheobronchial Tree is enhanced by

A. Use of a spacer

B. A low inspirator y flow rate

C. Low humidification

D. An expirator y pause

15. Causes of localized turbulent flow include

A. Constrictions in the flow channel

B. Valves

C. Cur ves

D. Gas at a flow rate below the critical number